C Functions
A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.
You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function.
Functions are used to perform certain actions, and they are important for reusing code: Define the code once, and use it many times.
Predefined Functions
So it turns out you already know what a function is. You have been using it the whole time while studying this tutorial!
For example, main() is a function, which is used to execute code,
and printf() is a function; used to output/print text to the screen:
Create a Function
To create (often referred to as declare) your own function, specify the name of the function, followed by parentheses ()
and curly brackets {}:
Syntax
void myFunction() {
// code to be executed
}
Example Explained
myFunction()is the name of the functionvoidmeans that the function does not have a return value. You will learn more about return values later in the next chapter- Inside the function (the body), add code that defines what the function should do
Call a Function
Declared functions are not executed immediately. They are "saved for later use", and will be executed when they are called.
To call a function, write the function's name followed by two parentheses ()
and a semicolon ;
In the following example, myFunction() is used to print a text (the action), when it is called:
Example
Inside main,
call
myFunction():
// Create a function
void myFunction() {
printf("I just got
executed!");
}
int main() {
myFunction(); // call the function
return 0;
}
// Outputs
"I just got executed!"
Try it Yourself »
A function can be called multiple times:
Example
void myFunction() {
printf("I just got executed!");
}
int main() {
myFunction();
myFunction();
myFunction();
return 0;
}
//
I just got executed!
// I just got executed!
// I just got executed!
Try it Yourself »
Calculate the Sum of Numbers
You can put almost whatever you want inside a function. The purpose of the function is to save the code, and execute it when you need it.
Like in the example below, we have created a function to calculate the sum of two numbers. Whenever you are ready to execute the function (and perform the calculation), you just call it:
Example
void
calculateSum() {
int x = 5;
int y = 10;
int sum =
x + y;
printf("The sum of x + y is: %d", sum);
}
int main() {
calculateSum(); // call the function
return 0;
}
// Outputs The
sum of x + y is: 15
Try it Yourself »
This was just an example to demonstrate a simple function with different
statements in C. The real power of
a function is revealed in the next chapter, when we
pass "parameters" to it.
This allows the function to calculate the sum of any numbers,
instead of being limited to the fixed values 5 and 10.
